![]() Through family meetings, early palliative care involvement, ethics consultation, and ethics committee review, a treating team’s and surrogate’s rationales can be fully understood and assessed against pertinent ethical norms and clinical realities. This disagreement should be the beginning of a process, not the end of it. But suppose a surrogate is requesting, or perhaps demanding, that “everything be done” and that mechanical ventilation be continued. The treating team believes that the patient’s best interest would be served by compassionate extubation and comfort care. Suppose a patient on mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) is dying of widely metastatic cancer. This article also explains why exploration of these perspectives can motivate fuller understanding of the sources of clinical and ethical disagreements and inform the approach to legal advice that hospital executives and risk managers should foster. ![]() This article suggests that many disagreements, particularly those involving key ethical and legal questions arising from a patient’s care, should launch a process that might include family meetings, early palliative care integration, and ethics consultation or committee review of clinical teams’ and surrogates’ reasons and perspectives. ![]() ![]() How hospital lawyers assess legal risk in clinically and ethically complex cases can shape risk management operations, influence clinicians’ morale, and affect the care patients receive. ![]()
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